致参与《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP) 谈判的十六个国家政府的一封公开信
健康相关的公民社会组织呼吁贸易部长们拒绝在《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》中加入对获得仿制药品产生负面影响的条款。
《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》是一项自由贸易协定(FTA),目前正在东南亚国家联盟(东盟)(文莱、缅甸、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚、老挝、马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡、泰国、越南)的十个成员国和与东盟国家已有自由贸易协定的国家之间进行谈判,这些国家包括澳大利亚、中国、印度、日本、韩国和新西兰。
RCEP包括了危及获得挽救生命基本药物的知识产权(IP)章节中的措施。尽管它并不包括美国,很多规定似乎却借用自《美韩自由贸易协定》和《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》。2016年4月,遭泄露的IP章节(日期为2015年10月)证实韩国和日本力推数据独占性,一项可能推迟监管部门批准非专利保护药品的措施,以及会延长药品专利垄断时期的条款。这只会拖延可负担的仿制药进入市场,远远超过了世界贸易组织(WTO)的《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》(TRIPS)所要求的知识产权保护。
这一章节特别令人关注,印度的IP法律试图在专利持有人权利和向该国公民和发展中国家人民提供可负担药品的需要之间取得合理平衡。印度是世界最大的仿制药生产国和承担了抗逆转录病毒(ARV)仿制药80%以上的供应,用以在中低收入国家(LMIC)治疗艾滋病。随着时间的推移,其仿制药工业已使抗逆转录病毒药物成本降低了98%,极大增加了那些最为需要的人对药品的可及性。如果印度被迫签署超TRIPS协定的措施,为给撒哈拉以南非洲和其他中低收入国家的世界上最贫穷人民治疗一些疾病的新基本药物的可负担仿制药的可及性,将会受到严重损害。例如马来西亚免费向其艾滋病毒阳性人群提供印度的仿制ARV。如果他们无法获得印度的仿制药,马来西亚是极不可能能够负担维持其艾滋病治疗方案。RCEP还包括有大量人口和经济压力,要确保可负担药品的可及性,如印度尼西亚、菲律宾、泰国、中国和越南。最不发达国家(LDC)成员老挝、柬埔寨和缅甸正努力提供负担得起的药品,且直到2033年豁免执行WTO对药品的知识产权保护(并有资格延长此期限,只要他们是最不发达国家)。
联合国艾滋病规划署报告,在亚洲及太平洋区域需要进行艾滋病治疗的人目前只有三分之一可获得药品。如果RCEP国家升级IP保护,这一数字极有可能会增加。
并没有理由在区域贸易协定,如RCEP中专设知识产权章节。我们呼吁所有参与谈判的政府拒绝RCEP中所有超TRIPS的措施。我们特别迫切呼吁较富裕的国家,如韩国、日本、澳大利亚和新西兰不要为威胁世界上穷人获得药品的IP条款施压。
公民社会组织签署方:
Organisation | RCEP country |
MSF Access Campaign | Global |
International Grail Global Justice Network | Global |
People’s Health Movement | Global |
Public Services International – Oceania | Regional |
Asia Pacific Research Network | Regional |
Public Health Association of Australia | Australia |
MSF Doctors Without Borders Australia | Australia |
Australian Health Promotion Association | Australia |
Caritas Australia | Australia |
Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network | Australia |
Community and Public Sector Union/SPSF | Australia |
NSW Nurses and Midwives Association | Australia |
Finance Sector Union of Australia | Australia |
Missionaries of the Sacred Heart Justice and Peace Centre | Australia |
Pax Christi Australia | Australia |
Edmund Rice Centre | Australia |
Catholic Religious Australia | Australia |
Grail Australia Global Justice Network | Australia |
N.S.W Retired Teachers’ Association | Australia |
Institute of the Sisters of Mercy Australia | Australia |
Conference of Leaders of Religious Institutes in NSW | Australia |
Textile Clothing & Footwear Union of Australia | Australia |
Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association | Australia |
Retired Unionists Network | Australia |
Sutherland Shire Environment Centre | Australia |
Sisters of St Joseph | Australia |
De La Salle Brothers | Australia |
SS Peter & Paul Catholic Parish Social Justice Group | Australia |
Bandanh Chatomok National MSM and TG network | Cambodia |
Cambodian People living with HIV Network- Takeo | Cambodia |
Cambodian Health Committee | Cambodia |
Southeast Asia Development Program (SADP) | Cambodia |
Committee to Promote Women in Politics | Cambodia |
Social Action for Change | Cambodia |
SILAKA | Cambodia |
Women's Network for Unity | Cambodia |
CamASEAN Youth's Future | Cambodia |
Gender and Development for Cambodia | Cambodia |
Worker's Information Center | Cambodia |
The Messenger Band | Cambodia |
Women's Network for Unity | Cambodia |
Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance | Cambodia |
Rainbow Community Kampuchea | Cambodia |
ARV Users Association | Cambodia |
KORSANG | Cambodia |
National Coalition of PLHIV in India - NCPI+ | India |
The Delhi Network of Positive people | India |
National Coalition of People living with HIV in India | India |
UPNPplus | India |
MGNP+ | India |
Maharajganj Positive Network | India |
Maharaja DLN | India |
Network of Maharashtra by People Living With HIV/AIDS - NMP+ | India |
Indonesia AIDS Coalition | Indonesia |
la via campesina indonesia | Indonesia |
Pacific Asia Resource Center (PARC) | Japan |
Third World Network | Malaysia |
Malaysian AIDS Council | Malaysia |
Malaysian Council for Tobacco Control (MCTC) | Malaysia |
Pertubuhan Islah Movement | Malaysia |
Positive Malaysian Treatment Access & Advocacy Group (MTAAG+) | Malaysia |
Consumers Association of Penang | Malaysia |
Sahabat Alam Malaysia (Friends of the Earth Malaysia) | Malaysia |
Cooperative Committee of Trade Union | Myanmar |
Mana Movement | New Zealand |
The Mana Party | New Zealand |
New Zealand Nurses Organisation | New Zealand |
Public Health Association of New Zealand | New Zealand |
IBON Foundation | Philippines |
Social Watch Philippines | Philippines |
People’s Health Movement Philippines | Philippines |
Knowledge Commune | South Korea |
IPLEFT | South Korea |
CHSC (Center for Health and Social Change) | South Korea |
KFHR (Koean Federation of Medical Action Groups for Health rights) | South Korea |
People’s Health Movement KOREA | South Korea |
Korean pharmacists for democracy society | South Korea |
People's Health Institute | South Korea |
Solidarity for HIV/AIDS Human Rights-NANURI+ | South Korea |
Trade Commission of MINBYUN-Lawyers for a Democratic Society | South Korea |
Thai AIDS Treatment Action Group (TTAG) | Thailand |
Thai Network of People living with HIV/AIDS (TNP+) | Thailand |
Alternative Agriculture Network (AAN) | Thailand |
Renal Failure Patient Group | Thailand |
AIDS ACCESS Foundation | Thailand |
Foundation for AIDS Rights | Thailand |
Foundation for Consumers | Thailand |
Rural Pharmacy Association | Thailand |
Drug Study Group | Thailand |
BioThai Foundation | Thailand |
Ecological Alert and Recovery – Thailand (EARTH) | Thailand |
Thai Holistic Health Foundation | Thailand |
FTA Watch | Thailand |
Foundation for Women | Thailand |
Vietnam Network of People living with HIV | Vietnam |